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LB 1029 
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Copy 1 



\ POCKET MANUAL 



Lancasterian System 

OF 

IN ITS MOST IMPROVED STATE : 



As practised in the Model School, First School 
District, Pennsylvania. 



J Cj 
By J. T.: RHEES, Principal 



I 



PHILADELPHIA : 
1827. 






3c 7? (fi^ 



I 



r PREFACE. 

J 

•^ ^^ The Lancasterian or Monitorial System 
yt of instruction, has formed a new era in ele- 
5 mentary education. Its decided superiority 
^ over every other mode, has been so well test- 
■^ €d by experience, and so thoroughly eviden- 
ced by its success, that it requires neither ar- 
gument ;nor illustration to defend it. Its 
economy alone sufficiently recommends it for 
immediate adoption, in every district where 
the population is dense. The simple fact, 
that 300 children, under the superintendance 
of a competent teacher, may be rapidly and 
efficiently instructed, in all the elementary 
branches of an English education, for a sum 
less than $%50, each child, per annum, is of 
itself conclusive. 

•'How important is this system, then, as 
the means of the performance of a great pub- 
lic duty! a duty incumbent on every intelli- 
gent citizen, the diffusion of moral and intel- 
lectual light among all classes of the commu- 
nity." 

The following view of the Lancasterian Sys- 
tem, of Education, prepared by the writer, is 
now principally published for the use of the 
Monitors and Tutors in the Model School, 
and for persons wishing to become acquaint- 
ed with the system, who will find it an im- 
portant auxiliary in acquiring a knowledge 
of the manner of conducting the business of 
a larjje school. 



>ran y improve ment? have been made ia 
the system of monitorial instruction in this? 
city, under the auspices of the "Board of 
Control;** and the enlightened and distin- 
guished philanthropist, who has so long, and 
with so much zeal and ability, presided ever 
its deliberations. 

The more prominent improvements, are> 
the new arrangement of the room, and the 
introduction of assistant tutors in the ad- 
ministration of the system. 

The new arrangement (adopted in the 
Model School for boys, and the Southwark 
School for girls,; places the teacher's desk 
midway of the room, against one of the side 
walls, with the desks facing towards it in 
three ranges, having passages between them; 
thus giving to the teacher a more command- 
ing \"iew of the whole school. In every re- 
spect it possesses decided advantages over 
the old arrangement. 

"The Board of Control finding that the 
most experienced monitors of the school, were 
frequently withdrawn by their parents at the 
moment when their services were most valu- 
able,*' with the commencement of the pre- 
sent year, introduced into the administration 
of the system. Assistant Tutors. 

These are lads from fifteen to seventeen 
or eighteen years of age, who are competent 
to give instruction to any of the children or 
monitors in the school. Their services are 
secured for a given time, one half of which 



iS to be spent in acquiring useful and higiit_r 
knowledge in tlie Hisrh School of the Frank- 
lin Institute, as compensation for the assis- 
tance rendered in the Model School. Thev 
are four in number, and are alteruatelv two 
at a time one week in each school. 

The politeness and attention of Mr. Wal- 
ter R.Johnson. Principal of the High School, 
in meeting the views and \Wshe5 of the Board 
of Control and Teacher, merits their ac- 
knowledgment. 

Theseynuth v>il! betrainin^asLancasterian 
teachers: and under the able instruction of 
Mr. Johnson, will be competent, at the end 
of their eugaaement. to take charge of vacant 
schools, or be in readiness to open new schools 
on proper principles; and wiiJ'. minds en- 
lightened, to give aueficctive character to the 
monitorial system. 

This will be an important consideration 
in advancing the interests of uaiversal edu- 
cation. 

'•The introduction of tutorsis attended with 
little expense, and is found to be very advan- 
tageous. It affords the principal more time 
for the careful examination and insti'uction of 
the higher classes, and fur the more vigilant 
in5pt:ction uf each part of the school in its 
turn.-' 

Those parts of this compilation, marked 
with inverted commas, 'not included in the 
preface,) are extracts from the *• Manual of 
the British and Foreio;n School Societv.*' for- 



nierly adopted as the rule of government in 
our schools. 

Notwithstanding the rules laid down in 
this manual, as to arrangement and disci- 
pline, much will depend on the judgment of 
teachers, who must in a great measure be 
governed by the circumstances under wliich 
they are placed. It is recommended, how- 
ever, to adhere as closely as possible to it, as 
experience has proved its utility and conve- 
nience. And as it contains all that is in the 
manual before alluded to, necessary to be 
known for the proper disposition and go- 
vernment of a school, it is believed, the 
"'Pocket Manual," now oifered to the con- 
sideration of those interested, will afford fa- 
cilities not before possessed, for obtaining 
a knowledge of the Lancasterian system. 

In the Lancasterian schools, we profess to 
teach Spelling, Reading, Writing, and Arith- 
metic; with some History, Geography, and 
Grammar, 



RULES AND REGULATIONS 

For the Government of the Public Schools^ 
with advice to the Parents and Guardians 
ofPujnh belonging thereto. 

First. — The hours for instruction through- 
out the year, shall be from nine to twelve 
o'clock in the morning, and from two to five 
in the afternoon. 

Second. — A vacation of three weeks shall 
be allowed, in the month of August, and on 
the afternoon of the last day of every week. 

Third. — Parents or Guardians shall not at 
any time, or on any occasion, interfere in the 
government of the schools. 

Fourth. — They shall not detain the chil- 
dren at home on any frivolous employment, 
but shall be particular in sending them to 
school at the stated hour, with clean face 
and hands, hair combed, and as decently ap- 
parelled as their circumstances will permit. 

Fifth. — It is recommended that Parents 
and Guardians co-operate with the Teachers 
by strict attention to the morals and beha- 
viour of the children while at home, to keep 
them at all times from associating with idle, 
noisy, or wicked company in the streets, or 
elsewhere: and especially to exert their au- 
thority to prevent the pernicious habits of 
swearing, lying, and other vices and immo- 



8 



ralities; and endeavour to set before theni 
examples of sobriety and good conduct. — To 
inculcate obedience to their Teachers, and a 
due respect to superiors in age — frequently 
to read to them the Holy Scriptures — to go 
with, or send them to some place of public 
worship on the Sabbath day; and generally 
by their demeanour and manners, endeavour 
to train them in virtuous, religious, and in- 
dustrious habits, that may enable them to 
perform the various duties of life with honour 
to themselves and benefit to society. 

By order^ and on behalf of the Controllers 
if the Public Schools^ 

ROBERTS VAUX, 

President, 



GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE 
ROOM, FIXTURES, &c. 

The room occupied by the boys, of the 
Model School, is an oblong square, 40 feet 
by 80 feet. 

The teacher's platform is about 4 feet 6 in- 
ches wide, 2 feet 10 inches in height, and 20 
feet long; situated against one of the side 
walls, equi distant fromthe ends of the room, 
thus giving him a commanding view of the 
whole school. 

The middle of the room is occupied by the 
forms which face the teacher's and monitor's 



9 



desks in three ranges, having passages three 
feet wide between ihem. In these forms we 
can seat 339 boys with ease, each boy hav- 
ing about 18 inches square. 

A passage 6 feet wide extends round the 
room, in which the children are drawn out 
in drafts to spell and read. An Assistant 
Tutor's desk is placed in front of each of the 
end ranges of desks. And the six General 
Monitors are placed at desks on the right 
and left of the teacher's desk, and in front 
of the platform; the passage between the 
platform and middle range of desks being 8 
feet wide. 

SEMI-CIRCLES, 

*' On the floor of the passages, semi-cir- 
cles are formed opposite to the wall," by 
fixing a wire in the boards; each circle has 
a radius about 3 feet, 18 inches space being 
left between them. 

Twelve inches from the outer edge of these 
circles, and 20 inches from the forms, is fixed 
a wire, extending round the room, to direct 
the movement of the children in passing from 
their forms to the circles, and back again to 
their seats. 

TELEGRAPHS, 

Are small sheet iron plates, in the form 
of an urn. " One of these plates is attach 



10 



ed to each class, and is supported at the end 
of a desk at a convenient height to be general- 
ly seen. Upon one side is inscribed the num- 
ber of the class, and on the other, the letters 
EX are printed in large characters. These 
telegraphs are fixed on the first stands of 
every class. They also point out the num- 
ber of forms that the different classes occu- 
py. Each side of the board may be succes- 
sively seen, by turning with the hand the 
stick of the telegraph. These telegraphs 
may be changed from one stand to another, 
as occasion requires." 

SLATES AND PENCILS. 

'• Slates and pencils are substituted for 
paper and pens, which are only used in the 
Eighth or highest class. This plan is econo- 
mical, and accelerates the progress of the 
children in writing. Besides, the slates oc- 
casion the children to execute with ease and 
precision, the gymnastic part of the system.'' 
The slates should be of a good thickness to 
prevent them from being broken by a fall, 
and of a uniform size, that they may be 
changed from one desk to another, if requir- 
ed. 

LESSON BOARDS, 

" Are flat pieces of wood, on each side of 
which are pasted spelling and reading les- 
sons for the use of the children when at theii 
circles," 



11 

THE BELL, 

'* Is useful for the different movements 
that take place in the evolutions. " Two are 
used. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

" In the first organization of a school, 
there must be a division into classes, those 
pupils being placed together whose abilities 
or proficiency are nearly equal, either in 
reading or arithmetic. 

'* From this circumstance proceed two dif- 
ferent classifications. When the children 
are engaged in reading, the pupils of every 
class are placed according to their proficien- 
cy in reading. And when they are engaged in 
cyphering, the pupils are placed according to 
their abilities in arithmetic. 

" The consequence of this arrangement is, 
that the pupils of a class of reading or arith- 
metic are on a level; they have the same de- 
gree of knowledge to acquire, and the same 
duties to fulfil, in order to qualify them for 
a superior class. 

READING. 

*' In reading, the school is divided into 
Eight Classes: 



" 2d 


(( 


« 3d 


i( 


" 4tli 


ii 


« 5th 


a 


" 6th 


a 


" 7th 


a 


'- 8th 


a 



12 



The 1st class, learn the alphabet. 

spell words of two letters. 
*' *« three " 

" *' four " and 

begin to read, 
spell two syllables and read. 
" three *' '' *' 
all polysyllables " " 
*' read the Bible and other select 
books, and commit to memory the definitions 
of words; and write on paper. The moni- 
tor's class is a selection from the Eighth class, 
who learn definitions, geography, history, 
and grammar. 

" Elementary instruction, as it respects 
arithmetic, is divided into Six Classes. In 
each of these classes, the pupils learn a sin- 
gle rule of arithmetic, either simple or com- 
pound." 

In this branch also, the First Class is com- 
posed of beginners, learning Numeration. 
The 2d class learning Simple Addition. 
'* Sd *' *' " Subtraction. 

'• 4th '' " " Multiplication. 

" 5th '' '' " Division. 

" 6th '' those who use Pike's Assistant. 



WRITING 



"In this system, v/riting, in the first in- 
stance, is rather used as a mean of instruc- 
tion, than an object. The children learn to 
spell and read words by writing on their 



13 



slates,* such as belong to the lessons of theu- 
respective classes. Thus thej learn to read, 
spell, and write, at the same time. Conse- 
quently, there is no other classification in 
writing, except the division of slate writers 
from paper writers. 

On the methods employed in teaching the 
several branches of Elementary Instruc- 
tion . 

FIRST DICTATION. 

" The children are seated upon the forms 
of the school, and arranged according to the 
gradation of the eight reading classes;" the 
eighth class being next to, and immediately 
in front of the teacher's desk. Every class 
is superintended by a monitor. If the class 
comprises two forms, the monitor chooses an 
assistant monitor to superintend the second 
form; and if his class is still larger, an ad- 
ditional assistant for every form. 

*' The signal for beginning the exercise 
being given by the monitor general or teach- 
er, the dictating monitor dictates the words 
which tlie children are to write on their 
slates. He begins with the Eighth class, and 
having spelled the word audibly, as for in- 
stance:' — Lancasterian, L-a-n, Lan, c-a-s, 
cas, t-e, te, r-i, ri, a-n, an, Lancasterian; is 
followed by the class monitor, who repeats 
and spells the word in the same manner. He 
proceeds in the same manner with the other 

B 



14 



classes, giving them words from their own 
lessons. 

" When he has dictated eight words for 
each class, he informs the teacher, and turns 
towards him that side of the telegraph which 
presents the number of the class. The 
teacher or general monitor then gives a sig- 
nal to the pupils to show slates, and to the 
monitors to inspect them. The monitors 
first examine the slates of their assistants, 
and then both examine the slates of their re- 
spective pupils. 

" The examination being finished, the mo- 
nitors and their assistants return to their 
placesj and the former turn towards the 
teacher that side of the telegraph which shows 
the EX, in order to inform him, that the 
class is examined, and ready to begin a new 
lesson." 

To vary the exercise, the pupils are some- 
times employed in writing from the boards 
suspended against the wall, containing Mr. 
Rand's System of Penmanship, which has 
been successfully introduced into several of 
the public schools. 

SECOND. 

Spelling and Beading from Boards. 

" The children stand in semi-circles round 
the wails of the school room. These semi- 
circles are composed of nine or ten children, 
superintended by a reading monitor, who is 
called Draft Monitor, on account of the chii- 



15 



dren being drawn out in their classes. These 
monitors suspend a badge, with the words 
" First Boy-' written upon it, from the neck 
of the child who is at the head of the draft. 
The monitor then directs his pointer to the 
lessons that the children are to read one af- 
ter another. If one child mistakes, the mo- 
nitor gives the next direction to correct him, 
who, if successful, takes precedence of him. 
If it happens that all the children in the cir- 
cle have spelled or read the lesson wrong, 
the monitor reads it first himself, and after- 
wards gives it to each of his pupils to read. 

ARITHMETIC. 

The pupils of the 6th, 7th, and 8th reading 
classes, are engaged in cyphering, according 
to their proficiency. 

The 1st class is engaged in learning the 
Numeration Table, and in making figures, 
which they enumerate and read in numbers. 
The 2d class learn Simple Addition. 

" 3d " " " Subtraction. 

" 4th " *^ " Multiplication. 

« 5th «' « " Division, both 
Long and Short. 

And after tlie pupils have passed through 
these five lower rules, lessons for which are 
provided, and pasted on binder's boards, 
they are placed in the 6th class, and furnish- 
ed with Pike's Assistant. In that, they be- 
gin with Federal Money, which makes them 
more perfect in the fundamental rules, while 



16 

they are progressing in their arithmetical 
knowledge. They then proceed to Simple 
Reduction, and so on to the compound rules, 
as they are arranged in that excellent guide. 
Each of the lower classes is under the di- 
rection of a monitor, who is to give them in- 
struction, and keep them to their business. 
The whole under the superintendence of a 
monitor general of arithmetic, who has par- 
ticular charge of the pupils in the higher 
classy these also come under the immediate 
notice of the teacher. 

Arithmetical dictation, excepting with the 
*' Black Board," has been exploded as unne- 
cessary. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Monday morning. 

1st. From 9 o'clock until a quarter before 
10, the monitors are engaged in reading a por- 
tion of the Old Testament, and spelling. The 
Sixth and Seventh Classes in learning their 
lessons from the Spelling Books. All the other 
classes are engaged in writing on their slates 
from the system of Penmanship affixed to 
the wall. 

2d. From a quarter before 10 o'clock until 
a quarter after 10, the school is drawn out in 
drafts at the circles, spelling: the Sixth and 
Seventh classes repeating to the monitors the 
lessons they had just been learning: the 
Eighth class learning their lessons from the 



17 

Expositor, and the other classes from the 
lessons hung to the wall. 

3d. From a quarter after 10 o'clock until half 
after 11 o'clock, the children are at their 
desks; the Sixth, vSeventh, and Eighth classes, 
cyphering in different divisions according to 
their proficiency: the Fifth class getting their 
lessons from the Spelling book until U 
o'clock, while the four lower classes or First 
Division of the school are writing the first 
principles of Mr. Rand's excellent System 
of Penmanship. At 11 o'clock the Fourth 
class take the Spelling books, and the Fifth 
class go to writing the " Classification of 
Capitals," according to the same system. 
While the First class of Paper Writers, or 
those who use Mr. Rand's Copy Books, (Nos. 
6 and 7) are engaged in writing «???.«// hand. 

4th. From half past 11 o'clock until the time 
of dismission, the school is drawn out in drafts, 
spelling from memory the lessons they have 
been learning during the morning. 

Dismiss by reading a portion of Scripture. 

Jfternoon. 
1st. From 2 o'clock until a quarter before 
3 o'clock, the monitors are reading in 

.* And the Eighth 
class in While the 

» These blanks may be filled up at the discre- 
tion of any teacher, with the names of such books 
as may be in use in his school. The Readmg books 
used in the Model School are, Testament, Scnp» 



18 

rest of the school are engaged in writing on 
their slates, the lessons fixed to the wall be- 
fore their respective divisions. 

2d. From a quarter before 3 until a quarter 
after S o'clock, the school is drawn out in 
drafts at the circles, reading the lessons hung 
to the wall. 

Sd. From a quarter after 3 until a quarter 
after 4, the children are at their desks. All 
writing on their slates from dictation, except 
the Second class of Paper writers, who use 
Nos. 3 and 4, of Mr. Rand's Copy books, 
whose turn it is to write in their books. 

4th. From a quarter after 4 until the time 
of dismission, the school is in drafts, reading 
again from their lessons, and spelling words 
from their reading lessons. 

Dismiss by reading a portion of Scripture. 

Tuesday morning. 

1st. From 9 o'clock until half past 9, the 
monitors repeat their Geography lessons, the 
Eighth class their lesson of definitions from 
the Expositor, and the Sixth and Seventh 
classes their lessons from the Spelling book. 
In every other respect the order of business 
is exactly similar to that of Monday morning, 

ture Lessons, Murray's Introduction, Jack Halyard* 
School Exercise, by C. Mead, Morallnstructorj by 
J. Torrey, and Grimshaw's United States. 



19 

excepting that the First class of Paper wri- 
ters write large hand. 

Afternoon. 

Order and business the same as on Monday 
afternoon, excepting that the »Tionitors read ^ 

and Eighth class 
And the Mw*t c>^ 
class of Paper writers (who use No. 2, Copy 
books,) write. 

Wednesday Morning. 

Order and business the same, excepting 
that the monitors get the definitions, and 
First class of Paper writers, write small 
hand. 

Afternoon. 

Order and business the same, excepting 
that the monitors read 
and Eighth class . and the 

Second class of Paper writers use their books. 

Thursday Morning. 
Order and business the same as on Wednes^ 
day, excepting that a few of the monitors say 
a Gramm^ar lesson, and the First class of 
Paper writers, write large hand. 



20 



Afternoon. 

Order and business the same, excepting 
that the monitors read 

and the Eighth class the and 

the Fh-^t class of Paper writers use their 
books. General Monitors read "• Grimshaw's 
United States,*' and answer questions. 

Friday Morning. 

Order and business the same as Tues- 
day, except that there is no Paper writ- 
ing, ^and the Geography boys, in addition 
to their lessons, study the Maps and hear 
explanations from the Teacher^ while the 
Eighth class are acting as substitutes for 
them in the charge of the drafts. On this 
morning also, general explanations of the 
Arithmetical Rules are given, while the boys 
are cyphering. 

^.Iftemoon. 

Order and business somewhat varied, 
Geography boys who knew their lessons pri- 
vileged to sketch maps either on their slates 
or on paper, while the Eighth class take their 
places at the drafts. Absentees through the 
week heard from. In other respects the or- 
der is continued as on other days. 

Evolutions of the system attended to. with 
the rerjetition of pieces, &:c. 



21 

Saturday Morning. 

Cyphering boys learn their Arithmetical 
Tables, while the rest write from dictation. 
Names of boys who have left school or been 
discharged during the week, taken off the 
list. 

Dismiss at 11 o'clock in the usual way. 



DUTIES OF MONITORS AND TU- 
TORS. 

Int. Draft Monitors are Stationary. 

It is the duty of the Draft Monitors, 
after they have said their lessons in the 
morning, and read in the afternoon, to 
take charge of the circles, to hear the boys 
their lessons in spelling and reading, to keep 
quietness in their drafts, and see that all the 
signals are promptly obeyed. When the 
boys leave their circles, they are to attend to 
their own lessons. 

2d. Class Monitors. 

Class Monitors are chosen on Mon- 
day morning for the week. It is their 
duty to superintend the classes while at 
their desks writing on slates, to see that 
every boy has a suitable slate and pencil, and 
keeps them in order for obeying the signals, 
to assist those who are unacquainted with 
writing, to form the letters according to Mr. 



22- 



Rand's System of Penmanship, and to see 
that all others write the lessons given by the 
monitor either from dictation or otherwise. 
They are to appoint an Assistant Monitor 
to each form of their respective classes, 
whose duty it shall be to obey them in per- 
forming all the duties incident to their sta- 
tion. 

When the boys leave the desks for the cir- 
cles, they are to attend to their own lessons 
in their respective classes. 

3d. Arithmetical Monitors. 

These Monitors are chosen for the week, 
and attend to giving instruction to their re- 
spective classes while cyphering. When the 
boys leave their cyphering to go to circles in 
the morning, they attend to their own lessons 
in Arithmetic. 

4th. General Monitors are chosen hy the month 
or during good behhyiour. 

The General Monitor of Order, is to see 
that the order of the school '* A place for 
every thing, and every thing in its place," 
is attended to by all the other monitors and 
boys; to fine all delinquents, to report all 
idle and noisy children, either to the Assis- 
tant Tutors or Teacher, and generally to 
have the superintendance of the school. 

The Assistant Monitor of Order, is to as- 



23 



sist the General Monitor of Order, in all his 
duties. 

The General Monitor of Arithmetic is to 
take care of all the Arithmetical Lessons, 
and supply the boys with them at the proper 
time. 

The General Monitor of Reading is to take 
care of all the books and lessons, and see 
that all the drafts and classes are provided 
with their proper lessons. He must be care- 
ful that no draft has the same lesson twice in 
succession. He must assist the Tutor in 
calling the roll of Second Division. 

The General Monitor of Writing is to take 
care of the copy books, ink, and copy slips, 
and to make the pens, and see that each class 
writes at proper times. He is allowed an 
assistant. 

The Dictating Monitor is to give the 
words to the slate writers, and see that the 
Class Monitors attend to their business. He 
must be acqua'.ted with all the evolutions 
of the system, and give all the signals. He 
must assist the Tutor in calling the roll of 
First Division. 

The Pencil Monitor is to take care of the 
pencils, keep them in order, and furnish the 
boys with them when they enter the room, 
and keep a list of late boys. 

The Pass or Yard Monitor is to let the 
hoys into the yard, give them water from the 



24 



hydrant, and see that they make no noise, 
and do not loiter about. 

These two last are chosen by the week. 



DUTIES OF THE TUTORS, &c. 

1st. It shall be their duty to be in school 
before the time of commencing business; to 
see that every child takes his proper place 
upon entering the room, with clean face and 
hands, and hair combed. And if any are 
absent, to report them to the Teacher before 
the close of each school-time. 

2d. They shall attend exclusively to the 
order and improvement of the divisions com- 
mitted to them, without interfering with each 
other, (unless specially called by the teacher 
to perform some other duty in the school.) 
And see that the children promptly obey 
every signal given. 

Sd. They shall report all incorrigible of- 
fenders to the teacher, with the offence 
charged against each; but on no account at- 
tempt to force them from their places 

4th. They shall have the privilege of leav- 
ing the room for necessary purposes, without 
immediately asking the teacher, and of re- 
warding good boys in their repective divi- 
sions according to their merit, with tickets 
furnished them by the teacher. 

5th. They must never receive any thing, 
even of the slightest value, from any of the 



25 

boys, without the teacher's knowledge and 
consent; and if they detect any thing like 
bribery on the part of the monitors, or boys 
belonging to the school; or any giving or re- 
ceiving for any purpose whatever, they must 
immediately report it to the teacher. 

6th. They shall be permitted to retire be- 
fore the scholars are dismissed; and shall be 
supported in the faithful discharge of their 
duties by the teacher and controllers of the 
school. 

7th. They shall not hold conversation v/ith 
any of the boys or monitors in time of school, 
and shall avoid as much as possible, inter- 
course with them out of doors. 



GENERAL RULES OF GOVERNMENT 
IN SCHOOL. 

1st. The Scholars on entering the room, 
shall leave their hats at the circles to which 
they belong in draft, and repair immediately 
to their seats, to await the signal for com- 
mencing business. 

2d. They shall keep their pencils (with 
which the monitor will furnish them) and 
slates in order, that they may be ready at 
all times, to obey the signals for showing 
slates, for cleaning slates, and for writing. 

3d. Whenever the large bell rings, they 
must immediately place their pencils on the 
desks, and sit up with their hands behind them; 



26 



and when the time arrives to leave the desks 
and go to the circles, they shall be obedient 
to the call of the monitor, and perform all 
their duties with quietness and promptness. 

4th. When they reach their draft stations, 
they shall stand with their faces from the 
wall, and quietly await the signal to face to- 
wards the lessons, and begin. 

5th. At every proper signal given (with 
the small bell,) they shall cease from their 
lessons, and remain quiet until directed in 
the same way to go on. 

6th. At the sound of the large bell, they 
shall immediately face out as at first, and 
await the signal, either for returning to their 
desks, or for being dismissed, (as the tima 
may be.) 

7th. When the signal is given for dismis- 
sion, they must quietly leave their circles, 
one draft after another: and return to their 
respective homes, without loitering by the 
way, or making any noise whatever in the 
streets; this rule must also be observed on 
their way to school. 

8th. Whenever a boy has been absent, a 
note will be required from the Parent or 
Guardian, stating the cause, &c. 

9th. Every child in school has the right to 
appeal from the decision of any monitor or 
tutor, in any case whatever. 

REWARDS. 

The General Monitor of Writing is to re- 
ceive two red tickets a month, valued each 






at fifteen cents, he pajs his assistant one blue 
ticket a week, valued at three cents. 

Each of the other General Monitors re- 
ceive one red ticket a month. 

The Pencil, Pass, and Class Monitors, re- 
ceive one blue ticket a week. 

The Draft Monitors receive tickets to the 
value of two cents a week. 

The Arithmetical Monitors receive tickets 
to the value of one cent a week. And, 

Each Good Boy in a class, and First Boy 
in a circle, gets one mill ticket at the close 
of each school-time. 

In addition to these regular rewards, tickets 
are given to the boys for good behaviour, for 
improvement in writing, for progress in les- 
sons, and regular attendance in school dur- 
ing each month, by the Assistant Tutors and 
Teacher. 

FORFEITURES AND FINES, 

1st. For absence from school without a suffi- 
cient cause, and delinquency either in les- 
sons or conduct, any General Monitor for- 
feits his place. For absence from school with 
cause, he is fined three mill tickets each half 
day he is away. The fine is to pay a sub- 
stitute. 

2d. Class Monitors forfeit their places by 
absence without sufficient cause,*l^nd for in- 
attention to business. For absence with 
cause the fine is three mill tickets each half 
day. 



28 



3d. Draft Monitors, by absence from 
school or bad conduct, forfeit their pay. And 
for every repetition of bad conduct, are fined 
one mill ticket. 

4th. Boys who have neglected their les- 
sons, or behaved amiss, are detained after 
school hours, until they say their lessons. 

5th. Any Monitor renders himself liable 
to forfeit his place by late attendance. 

6th. For every blot and mistake in a copy 
book, by any boy, a fine of one mill ticket is 
exacted. 

REDEMPTION OF TICKETS. 

For the redemption of tickets of lesser 
Talue, the teacher keeps toy books of 1, 2, 
and 3 cents value, constantly on hand; and 
these can be had at the close of any school 
time. For tickets of higher value, and for 
boys who choose to keep their tickets for 
higher prizes, there is a semi-annual redemp- 
tion. Sometime previous to redemption day, 
the teacher calls in all the tickets which have 
been paid to the boys and monitors, takes a 
list of boys who own them, with the number 
and value belonging to each, and having as- 
certained what each boy would like to have 
for his tickets, procures it for him against 
the day ofgeneral distribution. 

On that day they all receive their premi- 
ums, and having marched triumphantly round 
the room, displaying their rewards, are dis- 



29 



missed before the other boys, as an addition- 
al mark of distinction. 

GIRLS' SCHOOL. 

" Schools for girls are fitted up on the 
same plan as those for boys, which have 
been already described, except that the seat 
should be more distant from the desk, to al- 
low the girls freedom to work. 

*'The system by which reading, writing, 
and arithmetic are taught in the boys' school, 
is applicable, in all its parts, to girls as v/ell 
as to boys. 

^' The method by which needle work is 
taught, is all that will therefore be necessary 
to detail respecting the system of education 
for girls." 

The teacher of the female department, 
informs me that three general divisions or 
classes, are all that is necessary in practis- 
ing needle work. She divides them in the fol- 
lowing order: viz. 

1st. Plain Sewing Class; this, of course, 
will admit of subdivisions, if found necessary. 

2d. Sampler Class, or those who work on 
canvass. And, 

3d. The Knitting Class. 

The children engaged in these different 
branches, sit together, and are under the in- 
spection of monitors, who supply them with 
needles, &c. The monitors in this part of 
the system being selected, (as in other parts) 



30 



irom among those who are most proficient in 
their respective branches. 

In some of the schools, straw-work has 
been advantageously introduced. 

CONCLUSION. 

From what has now been written on the 
subject of Lancasterian schools, we think 
persons desirous of acquainting themselves 
with the system, may obtain information suf- 
ficient for their purpose; and with a week 
or two of practical observation, may become 
so familiar with it, as to be competent to take 
charge of a school of any size. 



MEMORANDUM. 



MEMORANDUM. 



MEMORANDUM. 



MEMORANDUM. 



MEMORANDUM. 



MEMORANDUM. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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